Process for synthesizing highly optically active 1,3-disubstituted allenes

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a process for efficiently synthesizing highly optically active 1,3-disubstituted allenes, i.e., a one-step process for preparing highly optically active 1,3-disubstituted allenes by using a functionalized terminal alkyne, an aldehyde and a chiral α,α-diphenyl prolinol as reactants under the catalysis of a divalent copper salt. The operation of the process is simple, and the raw materials and reagents are readily available. The process has a broad-spectrum of substrates and a good compatibility for a wide variety of functional groups such as glycosidic units, primary alcohols, secondary alcohols, tertiary alcohols, amides, malonates, etc., and does not require the protection for the functional groups. The obtained axially chiral allene has a moderate to high yield and a good diastereoselectivity or enantioselectivity.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a chemical synthetic process, particularly to a process for synthesizing highly optically active 1,3-disubstituted allenes.

BACKGROUND

Due to the unique structure and active reactive performances of allene compounds as well as their more and more important role played in the organic syntheses, the allene chemistry has attracted more and more attentions (S. Yu, S. Ma, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 3074; M. A. Tius, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 2979; J. L. Bras, J. Muzart, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 3003; S. Kitagaki, F. Inagaki, C. Mukai, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 2956; M. P. Muñoz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 3164; C. S. Adams, C. D. Weatherly, E. G. Burke, J. M. Schomaker Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 3136; R. Zimmer, H. U. Reissig, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014, 43, 2888; m) W. Yang, A. S. K. Hashmi, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014, 43, 2941; B. Alcaide, P. Almendros, C. Aragoncillo, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 3106; T. Cañeque, F. M. Truscott, R. Rodriguez, G. Maestri, M. Malacria, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 2916; F. López, J. L. Mascareñas, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 2904; Z. Wang, X. Xu, O. Kwon, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 2927). Therefore, how to simply and efficiently synthesize various allene compounds, especially 1,3-disubstituted allenes having an axial chirality activity, has become one of the issues of increasing concern to the chemists (L. K. Sydnes, Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 1133; N. Krause, A. Hoffmann-Roder, Tetrahedron 2004, 60, 11671; K. M. Brummond, J. E. Deforrest, Synthesis 2007, 795; M. Ogasawara, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2009, 20, 259; g) S. Yu, S. Ma, Chem. Commun., 2011, 47, 5384). The earlier synthetic methods of optically active 1,3-substituted allenes require the use of hazardous chemicals such as n-butyl lithium or ethyl magnesium bromide and lithium aluminum hydride, and the operations are inconvenient, which were unbeneficial to the large scale synthesis (L.-I. Olsson, A. Claesson, Acta Chem. Scand. 1977, B31, 614; A. Claesson, L.-I. Olsson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 7302; R. A. Smith, R. L. White, A. Krantz, J. Med. Chem. 1988, 31, 1558; J. Stichler-Bonaparte, H. Kruth, R. Lunkwitz, C. Tschierske, Liebigs Ann. 1996, 1375). Recently our team developed a series of processes for synthesizing optically active 1,3-disubstituted allenes by using terminal alkynes, aldehydes and chiral amines under the promotion of a zinc salt or under the co-promotion of a zinc salt and a monovalent copper salt. Although these processes have made great progress compared to the traditional methods, there are still some shortcomings such as a narrow substrate range, the requirement of large amount of metallic salts, going through a multi-step operation of the protection and deprotection for some specific functional groups (J. Ye, S. Li, B. Chen, W. Fan, J. Kuang, J. Liu, Y. Liu, B. Miao, B. Wan, Y. Wang, X. Xie, Q. Yu, W. Yuan, S. Ma, Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 1346; J. Ye, W. Fan, S. Ma, Chem. Eur J. 2013, 19, 716; J. Ye, R. Lu, W. Fan, S. Ma, Tetrahedron 2013, 69, 8959; R. Lü, J. Ye, T. Cao, B. Chen, W. Fan, W. Lin, J. Liu, H. Luo, B. Miao, S. Ni, X. Tang, N. Wang, Y. Wang, X. Xie, Q. Yu, W. Yuan, W. Zhang, C. Zhu, S. Ma, Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 2254).

The present invention overcomes all the drawbacks of the prior arts, which provides a one-step process for simply and efficiently preparing highly optically active 1,3-disubstituted allenes by using a divalent copper salt as the catalyst and using a terminal alkyne and chiral α,α-diphenyl prolinol as reactants.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to provide a simple and efficient process for synthesizing highly optically active 1,3-disubstituted allenes, i.e., a one-step process for preparing highly optically active 1,3-disubstituted allenes by using a functionalized terminal alkyne, an aldehyde and chiral α,α-diphenyl prolinol as reactants under the catalysis of a divalent copper salt.

The object of the present invention is achieved by using the following solution:

The present invention discloses a process for efficiently synthesizing highly optically active 1,3-disubstituted allenes, which uses a functionalized terminal alkyne, an aldehyde and a chiral secondary amine as reactants under the catalysis of a divalent copper salt and thereby produces a variety of functionalized axially chiral 1,3-disubstituted allenes by the heated reaction in an organic solvent. The reaction has a following reaction equation:

wherein R¹ comprises a variety of functional groups such as glycosidic units, primary alcohols, secondary alcohols, tertiary alcohols, amides, malonates, alkyl group or aryl group, and R² is an alkyl group or an aryl group.

As a further improvement, the present process comprises the following steps:

1) under nitrogen atmosphere, a divalent copper salt, a chiral secondary amine, a terminal alkyne, an aldehyde and an organic solvent were added in sequence into a reaction tube subjected to the anhydrous and anaerobic treatment, heating for reaction for 12-24 h;

2) after the completion of the reaction of step 1), raising the reaction tube from the oil bath, naturally returning to the room temperature, diluting with an organic solvent, transferring the liquid to a separatory funnel, washing with dilute hydrochloric acid, separating the organic phase, extracting the aqueous phase with the same organic solvent, combining the organic phases, washing with saturated brine, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtering, concentrating and subjecting to the column chromatography, so as to obtain the product axially chiral allene.

As a further improvement, the present process uses a divalent copper salt as catalyst, the catalyst is copper bromide, copper chloride, copper acetate, copper sulfate or copper triflate.

As a further improvement, the chiral secondary amine used in the present invention is (S)-3a or its enantiomers, and the structural variants (S)-3b˜c using (S)-3a as a template or their enantiomers:

As a further improvement, the organic solvent used in the present invention is 1,4-dioxane, toluene, benzene, chlorobenzene, p-xylene, o-xylene, m-xylene, or mesitylene.

The present invention overcomes the drawbacks of the traditional methods, which has the following advantages: (1) greatly reduces the amount of metallic salt catalyst used; (2) has a broader spectrum of substrates and a good compatibility for functional groups, and does not require the protection for the functional groups; (3) the reaction has an excellent diastereoselectivity or enantioselectivity; and (4) the product is easy to separate and purify.

The innovation point of the present invention lies in developing a simple and efficient process for synthesizing highly optically active 1,3-disubstituted allenes, and for the first time discovering that a divalent copper salt can directly catalyzing the three-component reaction consisting of a terminal alkyne, an aldehyde and a chiral secondary amine, and that the reaction has a good selectivity wherein both de value and ee value are greater than 90%.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The following examples are given for further illustrating the specific solutions of the present invention.

Example 1

Wherein “equiv” refers to equivalent; “de” refers to diastereomeric excess; “cc” refers to enantiomeric excess.

To a flame-dried Schlenk tube were added CuBr₂ (44.9 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1a (387.0 mg, 1.0 mmol), (S)-3a (304.5 mg, 1.2 mmol), and 2a (180.1 mg, 1.4 mmol)/dioxane (3.0 mL) sequentially under nitrogen atmosphere. The Schlenk tube was then equipped with a condenser and the outlet connected to the vacuum line with a nitrogen flow was closed. The reaction was complete after being stirred at 130° C. for 16 h as monitored by TLC (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=3/1). Then the resulting mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL), and washed with an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid (v/v=10%). The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. After filtration and evaporation, the residue was purified by chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=3/1) on silica gel to afford (R_(a))-4aa (246.5 mg, 49%) as a liquid: 98% de (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel AS-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=95/5, 0.3 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(major)=24.9 min, t_(R)(minor)=26.8 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−32.2 (c=1.07, CHCl₃); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.28-4.95 (m, 5H), 4.64 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.35-4.24 (m, 2H), 4.18-4.07 (m, 2H), 3.74-3.63 (m, 1H), 2.09 (s, 3H, Me), 2.05 (s, 3H, Me), 2.03 (s, 3H, Me), 2.01 (s, 3H, Me), 2.12-1.94 (m, 2H, CH₂), 1.48-1.20 (m, 10H, CH₂×5), 0.89 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 3H, Me); ¹³C NMR (75 Hz, CDCl₃) δ 205.4, 170.5, 170.2, 169.3, 169.2, 98.8, 92.1, 87.2, 72.8, 71.6, 71.0, 68.2, 67.8, 61.7, 31.7, 28.98, 28.95, 28.9, 28.3, 22.5, 20.6, 20.52, 20.45, 20.4, 13.9; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 2928, 2856, 1963, 1757, 1435, 1370, 1226, 1165, 1041; MS (ESI, m/z) 521 (M+Na⁺), 516 (M+NH₄ ⁺); Anal. Calcd. for C₂₅H₃₈O₁₀ (%): C, 60.23; H, 7.68. Found: C, 60.21; H, 7.37.

Example 2

Following the procedure of Example 1. The reaction of CuBr₂ (89.3 mg, 0.4 mmol), 1a (772.5 mg, 2.0 mmol), (R)-3a (607.6 mg, 2.4 mmol), and 2a (360.6 mg, 2.8 mmol) in dioxane (6.0 mL) afforded (S_(a))-4aa (508.2 mg, 51%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=3/1) as a liquid: 98% de (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel AS-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=95/5, 0.4 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(minor)=35.5 min, t_(R)(major)=36.5 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=+36.8 (c=0.975, CHCl₃); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.28-4.95 (m, 5H), 4.64 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.34-4.25 (m, 2H), 4.18-4.07 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.66 (m, 1H), 2.08 (s, 3H, Me), 2.04 (s, 3H, Me), 2.03 (s, 3H, Me), 2.00 (s, 3H, Me), 2.12-1.95 (m, 2H, CH₂), 1.48-1.18 (m, 10H, CH₂×5), 0.88 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 3H, Me); ¹³C NMR (75 Hz, CDCl₃) δ 205.1, 170.3, 169.9, 169.1, 169.0, 98.7, 92.0, 87.1, 72.6, 71.5, 70.9, 68.1, 67.5, 61.6, 31.5, 28.8, 28.7, 28.1, 22.3, 20.39, 20.35, 20.3, 13.8; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 2929, 2857, 1962, 1759, 1435, 1367, 1227, 1166, 1040; MS (ESI, m/z) 516 (M+NH₄ ⁺); Anal. Calcd. for C₂₅H₃₈O₁₀ (%): C, 60.23; H, 7.68. Found: C, 60.61; H, 7.71.

Example 3

Following the procedure of Example 1. The reaction of CuBr₂ (44.9 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1a (388.1 mg, 1.0 mmol), (S)-3a (303.3 mg, 1.2 mmol), and 2b (168.8 mg, 1.4 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4ab (273.0 mg, 55%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=2.5/1) as a liquid: 97% de (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel IA-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=95/5, 1.0 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(major)=16.4 min, t_(R)(minor)=23.0 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−30.4 (c=1.405, CHCl₃); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.39-7.19 (m, 5H, ArH), 5.50-5.37 (m, 1H), 5.22-5.11 (m, 2H), 5.06 (t, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.95 (t, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.32-4.19 (m, 2H), 4.13-4.02 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.29 (m, 3H), 2.07 (s, 3H, Me), 2.029 (s, 3H, Me), 2.026 (s, 3H, Me), 2.00 (s, 3H, Me); ¹³C NMR (75 Hz, CDCl₃) δ 205.7, 170.4, 170.0, 169.15, 169.06, 139.2, 128.34, 128.28, 126.3, 98.2, 91.5, 88.0, 72.5, 71.3, 70.8, 68.0, 67.0, 61.5, 34.7, 20.5, 20.42, 20.35; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 3063, 3028, 2945, 2884, 1964, 1756, 1602, 1495, 1450, 1433, 1370, 1226, 1165, 1041; MS (ESI, m/z) 529 (M+K⁺), 513 (M+Na⁺), 508 (M+NH₄ ⁺); Anal. Calcd. for C₂₅H₃₀O₁₀ (%): C, 61.22; H, 6.16. Found: C, 61.32; H, 6.03.

Example 4

Following the procedure of Example 1. The reaction of CuBr₂ (44.7 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1a (386.1 mg, 1.0 mmol), (S)-3a (303.5 mg, 1.2 mmol), and 2c (187.6 mg, 1.4 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4ac (253.4 mg, 50%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=2.5/1) as a liquid: 99% de (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel OD-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=90/10, 1.0 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(major)=13.1 min, t_(R)(minor)=19.3 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−37.7 (c=1.32, CHCl₃); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.34-7.15 (m, 5H), 5.31-4.95 (m, 5H, ArH), 4.57 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.32-4.18 (m, 2H), 4.16-4.01 (m, 2H), 3.70-3.61 (m, 1H), 2.74 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 2.40-2.28 (m, 2H), 2.07 (s, 3H, Me), 2.03 (s, 3H, Me), 2.02 (s, 3H, Me), 2.00 (s, 3H, Me); ¹³C NMR (75 Hz, CDCl₃) δ 205.3, 170.5, 170.2, 169.3, 169.2, 141.2, 128.4, 128.2, 125.9, 99.2, 91.5, 87.9, 72.8, 71.7, 71.2, 68.3, 67.7, 61.8, 35.1, 30.0, 20.59, 20.56, 20.49, 20.47; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 3063, 3024, 2942, 2861, 1964, 1757, 1603, 1496, 1453, 1432, 1369, 1225, 1165, 1041; MS (ESI, m/z) 527 (M+Na⁺), 522 (M+NH₄ ⁺); Anal. Calcd. for C₂₆H₃₂O₁₀ (%): C, 61.90; H, 6.39. Found: C, 61.41; H, 6.25. HRMS calcd. for C₂₆H₃₆NO₁₀ (M+NH₄ ⁺): 522.2334. Found: 522.2322.

Example 5

Following the procedure of Example 1. The reaction of CuBr₂ (45.0 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1a (385.4 mg, 1.0 mmol), (S)-3a (304.1 mg, 1.2 mmol), and 2d (121.2 mg, 1.4 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4ad (245.2 mg, 54%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=3/1) as a solid: 97% de (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel AD-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=95/5, 1.0 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(minor)=17.6 min, t_(R)(major)=18.9 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−26.7 (c=1.00, CHCl₃); m.p. 68-69° C. (DCM/n-hexane); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.28-4.95 (m, 5H), 4.63 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.36-4.21 (m, 2H), 4.20-4.04 (m, 2H), 3.73-3.61 (m, 1H), 2.09 (s, 3H, Me), 2.06 (s, 3H, Me), 2.04 (s, 3H, Me), 2.02 (s, 3H, Me), 2.17-1.87 (m, 2H, CH₂), 1.76-1.59 (m, 1H, CH), 0.94 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 6H, Me×2); ¹³C NMR (75 Hz, CDCl₃) δ 205.9, 170.5, 170.2, 169.23, 169.16, 98.8, 90.5, 86.5, 72.7, 71.6, 71.0, 68.1, 67.8, 61.7, 37.8, 28.1, 22.0, 21.9, 20.54, 20.51, 20.44, 20.42; IR (KBr) ν (cm⁻¹) 2957, 2871, 1964, 1757, 1434, 1369, 1226, 1165, 1041; MS (ESI, m/z) 479 (M+Na⁺), 474 (M+NH₄ ⁺); Anal. Calcd. for C₂₂H₃₂O₁₀ (%): C, 57.88; H, 7.07. Found: C, 57.89; H, 7.08.

Example 6

Following the procedure of Example 1. The reaction of CuBr₂ (45.0 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1a (388.5 mg, 1.0 mmol), (5)-3a (305.5 mg, 1.2 mmol), and 2e (157.5 mg, 1.4 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4ae (275.1 mg, 57%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=3/1) as a solid: 99% de (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel AD-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=95/5, 1.0 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(minor)=16.4 min, t_(R)(major)=19.1 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=(c=0.92, CHCl₃); m.p. 102-103° C. (DCM/n-hexane); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.27-4.96 (m, 5H), 4.66 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.36-4.22 (m, 2H), 4.19-4.05 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.63 (m, 1H), 2.09 (s, 3H, Me), 2.05 (s, 3H, Me), 2.03 (s, 3H, Me), 2.01 (s, 3H, Me), 2.22-1.89 (m, 1H, CH), 1.81-1.60 (m, 5H, CH₂×2 and one proton of CH₂), 1.40-1.00 (m, 5H, CH₂×2 and one proton of CH₂); ¹³C NMR (75 Hz, CDCl₃) δ 204.3, 170.4, 170.0, 169.2, 169.1, 98.7, 98.0, 88.1, 72.7, 71.5, 71.0, 68.1, 67.8, 61.6, 36.6, 32.8, 32.6, 25.8, 25.6, 20.5, 20.42, 20.36; IR (KBr) ν (cm⁻¹) 2925, 2851, 1965, 1741, 1447, 1412, 1380, 1287, 1260, 1227, 1171, 1115, 1094, 1058, 1036; MS (ESI, m/z) 505 (M+Na⁺), 500 (M+NH₄ ⁺); Anal. Calcd. for C₂₄H₃₄O₁₀ (%): C, 59.74; H, 7.10. Found: C, 59.80; H, 7.04.

Example 7

Following the procedure of Example 1. The reaction of CuBr₂ (44.7 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1a (384.2 mg, 1.0 mmol), (S)-3a (305.5 mg, 1.2 mmol), and 2f (101.4 mg, 1.4 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4af (233.9 mg, 53%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=2.5/1) as a liquid: 99% de (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel IA-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=95/5, 1.0 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(minor)=15.1 min, t_(R)(major)=16.1 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−23.1 (c=1.08, CHCl₃); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.30-5.14 (m, 3H), 5.10 (t, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 5.01 (dd, J₁=9.6 Hz, J₂=8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.36-4.24 (m, 2H), 4.17-4.07 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.64 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.24 (m, 1H, CH), 2.09 (s, 3H, Me), 2.05 (s, 3H, Me), 2.03 (s, 3H, Me), 2.01 (s, 3H, Me), 1.03 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 6H, Me×2); ¹³C NMR (75 Hz, CDCl₃) δ 204.0, 170.5, 170.2, 169.3, 169.2, 99.5, 98.7, 88.5, 72.8, 71.6, 71.1, 68.2, 67.9, 61.8, 27.5, 22.3, 22.2, 20.6, 20.51, 20.45, 20.4; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 2962, 2871, 1961, 1755, 1434, 1367, 1227, 1165, 1040; MS (ESI, m/z) 460 (M+NH₄ ⁺); Anal. Calcd. for C₂₁H₃₀O₁₀ (%): C, 57.01; H, 6.83. Found: C, 57.05; H, 6.72.

Example 8

Following the procedure of Example 1. The reaction of CuBr₂ (89.7 mg, 0.4 mmol), 1a (386.8 mg, 1.0 mmol), (S)-3a (304.6 mg, 1.2 mmol), and 2g (196.8 mg, 1.4 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4ag (277.3 mg, 54%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=2/1) as a liquid: 99% de (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel AD-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=95/5, 0.6 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(major)=57.1 min, t_(R)(minor)=62.3 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−111.8 (c=1.04, CHCl₃); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.34-7.27 (m, 2H, ArH), 7.25-7.19 (m, 2H, ArH), 6.23 (dt, J₁=6.2 Hz, J₂=2.3 Hz, 1H, one proton of CH═C═CH), 5.65 (dd, J₁=13.8 Hz, J₂=6.3 Hz, 1H, one proton of CH═C═CH), 5.22 (t, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 5.14-4.97 (m, 2H), 4.65 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.47-4.37 (m, 1H), 4.29-4.18 (m, 2H), 4.10 (dd, J₁=12.3 Hz, J₂=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.66-3.58 (m, 1H), 2.03 (s, 3H, Me), 2.02 (s, 3H, Me), 2.00 (s, 3H, Me), 1.99 (s, 3H, Me); ¹³C NMR (75 Hz, CDCl₃) δ 206.4, 170.3, 169.9, 169.1, 169.0, 132.8, 132.0, 128.7, 127.9, 99.2, 94.9, 91.8, 72.7, 71.7, 71.1, 68.2, 66.6, 61.7, 20.4, 20.3; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 2956, 2925, 2869, 2849, 1953, 1755, 1492, 1456, 1429, 1376, 1224, 1039; MS (ESI, m/z) 535 (M(³⁷Cl)+Na⁺), 533 (M(³⁵Cl)+Na⁺), 530 (M(³⁷Cl)+NH₄ ⁺), 528 (M(³⁵Cl)+NH₄ ⁺); HRMS calcd. for C₂₄H₃₁ ³⁵ClNO₁₀ (M(³⁵Cl)+NH₄ ⁺): 528.1631. Found: 528.1614.

Example 9

Following the procedure of Example 1. The reaction of CuBr₂ (45.0 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1b (498.9 mg, 1.0 mmol), (S)-3a (304.1 mg, 1.2 mmol), and 2e (156.9 mg, 1.4 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R)-4be (297.4 mg, 50%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=2.5/1) as a solid: 99% de (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel IA-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=80/20, 1.0 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(minor)=9.5 min, t_(R)(major)=10.9 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−21.6 (c=0.97, CHCl₃); m.p. 117-118° C. (EtOAc/n-hexane); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.78 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.35 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H, ArH), 5.27-5.08 (m, 3H), 4.97-4.86 (m, 2H), 4.58 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.27-4.17 (m, 1H), 4.16-3.97 (m, 3H), 3.77-3.68 (m, 1H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H, Me), 2.00 (s, 3H, Me), 1.99 (s, 3H, Me), 2.10-1.95 (m, 1H, CH), 1.82-1.59 (m, 5H, CH₂×2 and one proton of CH₂), 1.40-0.98 (m, 5H, CH₂×2 and one proton of CH₂); ¹³C NMR (75 Hz, CDCl₃) δ 204.2, 170.1, 169.3, 169.1, 145.0, 132.2, 129.8, 127.9, 98.7, 98.2, 88.2, 72.4, 71.3, 70.8, 68.4, 67.9, 67.5, 36.6, 32.8, 32.7, 25.9, 25.7, 21.5, 20.47, 20.42, 20.39; IR (KBr) ν (cm⁻¹) 2926, 2852, 1962, 1758, 1598, 1449, 1369, 1245, 1218, 1178, 1040; MS (ESI, m/z) 612 (M+NH₄ ⁺); Anal. Calcd. for C₂₉H₃₈O₁₁S (%): C, 58.57; H, 6.44. Found: C, 58.81; H, 6.38.

Example 10

Following the procedure of Example 1. The reaction of CuBr₂ (44.9 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1c (472.5 mg, 1.0 mmol), (S)-3a (303.2 mg, 1.2 mmol), and 2e (158.1 mg, 1.4 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4ce (256.2 mg, 45%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=1.5/1) as a liquid: 99% de (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel AD-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=95/5, 1.0 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(minor)=27.3 min, t_(R)(major)=29.6 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−38.9 (c=1.35, CHCl₃); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.89 (t, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 5.27-5.13 (m, 3H), 5.02-4.85 (m, 2H), 4.62 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.34-4.24 (m, 1H), 4.18-4.07 (m, 1H), 3.61-3.40 (m, 3H), 2.23-2.11 (m, 2H), 2.06 (s, 3H, Me), 2.05 (s, 3H, Me), 2.00 (s, 3H, Me), 2.10-1.95 (m, 1H, CH), 1.82-1.54 (in, 7H, CH₂×3 and one proton of CH₂), 1.39-1.00 (in, 13H, CH₂×6 and one proton of CH₂), 0.88 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 3H, Me); ¹³C NMR (75 Hz, CDCl₃) δ 204.3, 173.1, 170.1, 169.5, 169.2, 99.2, 98.3, 88.3, 72.7, 72.4, 71.1, 68.7, 68.4, 38.8, 36.7, 36.5, 32.9, 32.7, 31.5, 29.1, 28.9, 25.9, 25.7, 25.4, 22.5, 20.52, 20.47, 13.9; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 3312, 2926, 2853, 1961, 1760, 1651, 1538, 1447, 1373, 1248, 1220, 1165, 1050; MS (ESI, m/z) 604 (M+K⁺), 588 (M+Na⁺), 566 (M+H⁺); Anal. Calcd. for C₃₀H₄₇NO₉ (%): C, 63.70; H, 8.37; N, 2.48. Found: C, 63.60; H, 8.39; N, 2.29.

Example 11

Following the procedure of Example 1. The reaction of CuBr₂ (67.0 mg, 0.3 mmol), 1d (457.3 mg, 1.0 mmol), (S)-3a (304.0 mg, 1.2 mmol), and 2e (157.3 mg, 1.4 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4de (255.0 mg, 46%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=2.5/1) as a liquid: 98% de (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel AD-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=80/20, 0.5 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(minor)=12.2 min, t_(R)(major)=14.3 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−30.0 (c=1.375, CHCl₃); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.26-5.12 (m, 3H), 4.96 (dd, J₁=9.8 Hz, J₂=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.88 (t, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (ddd, J₁=11.4 Hz, J₂=6.3 Hz, J₃=2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.06 (ddd, J₁=11.7 Hz, =7.5 Hz, J₃=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H, Me), 3.74 (s, 3H, Me), 3.67 (dd, J₁=9.6 Hz, J₂=5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.52 (td, J₁=9.6 Hz, J₁=2.9 Hz, 1H, CH), 2.30-2.19 (m, 1H), 2.13-1.94 (m, 11H), 1.81-1.60 (m, 5H, CH₂×2 and one proton of CH₂), 1.40-1.00 (m, 5H, CH₂×2 and one proton of CH₂); ¹³C NMR (75 Hz, CDCl₃) δ 204.1, 170.1, 169.5, 169.2, 169.1, 169.0, 99.2, 98.1, 88.3, 72.6, 71.6, 71.1, 71.0, 68.1, 52.6, 52.5, 47.4, 36.6, 32.8, 32.7, 30.2, 25.9, 25.7, 20.52, 20.49, 20.4; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 2927, 2852, 1961, 1755, 1436, 1367, 1245, 1218, 1159, 1046; MS (ESI, m/z) 577 (M+Na⁺), 572 (M+NH₄ ⁺); Anal. Calcd. for C₂₇H₃₈O₁₂ (%): C, 58.47; H, 6.91. Found: C, 58.04; H, 6.68. HRMS calcd. for C₂₇H₄₂N O₁₂ (M+NH₄ ⁺): 572.2702. Found: 572.2688.

Example 12

Following the procedure of Example 1. The reaction of CuBr₂ (67.3 mg, 0.3 mmol), 1e (388.0 mg, 1.0 mmol), (S)-3a (303.7 mg, 1.2 mmol), and 2e (158.0 mg, 1.4 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4ee (240.3 mg, 50%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=3/1) as a liquid: 96% de (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel AD-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=95/5, 1.0 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(major)=20.0 min, t_(R)(minor)=23.5 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−26.7 (c=1.24, CHCl₃); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.40 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 5.27-5.13 (m, 3H), 5.02 (dd, J₁=10.4 Hz, J₂=3.2 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.37-4.27 (m, 1H), 4.23-4.07 (m, 3H), 3.89 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 2.16 (s, 3 Me), 2.09 (s, 3H, Me), 2.06 (s, 3H, Me), 1.99 (s, 3H, Me), 2.20-1.93 (m, 1H, CH), 1.83-1.60 (m, 5H, CH₂×2 and one proton of CH₂), 1.40-0.99 (m, 5H, CH₂×2 and one proton of CH₂); ¹³C NMR (75 Hz, CDCl₃) δ 204.3, 170.12, 170.09, 170.0, 169.2, 99.2, 98.0, 88.2, 70.8, 70.4, 68.6, 67.8, 66.8, 61.1, 36.6, 32.8, 32.6, 25.8, 25.7, 20.5, 20.43, 20.36; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 2926, 2852, 1961, 1754, 1449, 1370, 1223, 1170, 1132, 1075, 1057; MS (ESI, m/z) 505 (M+Na⁺), 500 (M+NH₄ ⁺); Anal. Calcd. for C₂₄H₃₄O₁₀ (%): C, 59.74; H, 7.10. Found: C, 59.77; H, 6.97.

Example 13

Following the procedure of Example 1. The reaction of CuBr₂ (44.9 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1f (400.8 mg, 1.0 mmol), (S)-3a (304.6 mg, 1.2 mmol), and 2e (157.2 mg, 1.4 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4fe (230.3 mg, 46%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=3/1) as a solid: 96% de (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel AS-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=95/5, 0.5 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(minor)=23.0 min, t_(R)(major)=24.5 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−47.9 (c=1.24, CHCl₃); m.p. 103-104° C. (EtOAc/n-hexane); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.27-5.14 (m, 3H), 5.14-5.01 (m, 2H), 4.58 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (dd, J₁=12.5 Hz, J₂=5.0 Hz, 1H), 4.13 (dd, J₁=12.2 Hz, J₂=2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.71-3.62 (m, 1H), 3.35 (ddd, J₁=13.8 Hz, J₂=7.5 Hz, J₃=2.3 Hz, 1H), 3.24 (ddd, J₁=13.8 Hz, J₂=6.5 Hz, J₃=3.0 Hz, 1H), 2.08 (s, 3H, Me), 2.07 (s, 3H, Me), 2.03 (s, 3H, Me), 2.02 (s, 3H, Me), 2.12-1.94 (m, 1H, CH), 1.82-1.60 (m, 5H, CH₂×2 and one proton of CH₂), 1.40-1.00 (m, 5H, CH₂×2 and one proton of CH₂); ¹³C NMR (75 Hz, CDCl₃) δ 203.7, 170.5, 170.0, 169.2, 98.5, 88.8, 82.7, 75.7, 73.8, 69.7, 68.1, 61.9, 37.2, 33.0, 32.9, 30.1, 25.9, 25.7, 20.6, 20.5, 20.4; IR (KBr) ν (cm⁻¹) 2926, 2852, 1953, 1756, 1448, 1371, 1225, 1040; MS (ESI, m/z) 516 (M+NH₄ ⁺); Anal. Calcd. for C₂₄H₃₄O₉S (%): C, 57.81; H, 6.87. Found: C, 58.03; H, 6.82.

Example 14

Following the procedure of Example 1. The reaction of CuBr₂ (44.7 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1g (402.0 mg, 1.0 mmol), (S)-3a (306.1 mg, 1.2 mmol), and 2e (157.2 mg, 1.4 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4ge (183.2 mg, 37%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=2.5/1) as a solid: 98% de (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel IC column, hexane/i-PrOH=96/4, 0.4 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(minor)=76.6 min, t_(R)(major)=78.3 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−47.8 (c=1.38, CHCl₃); m.p. 86-87° C. (DCM/n-hexane); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.21 (t, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 5.14-4.94 (m, 4H), 4.53 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (dd, J₁=12.3 Hz, J₂=4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.13 (dd, J₁=12.3 Hz, J₂=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (dt, J₁=9.6 Hz, J₂=6.9 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (ddd, J₁=10.1 Hz, J₂=4.8 Hz, J₁=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.55 (dt, J₁=9.6 Hz, J₂=7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.32-2.20 (m, 2H, CH₂), 2.09 (s, 3H, Me), 2.05 (s, 3H, Me), 2.03 (s, 3H, Me), 2.01 (s, 3H, Me), 2.13-1.88 (m, 1H, CH), 1.80-1.58 (m, 5H, CH₂×2 and one proton of CH₂), 1.37-0.97 (m, 5H, CH₂×2 and one proton of CH₂); ¹³C NMR (75 Hz, CDCl₃) δ 203.2, 170.6, 170.2, 169.3, 169.2, 100.7, 97.4, 87.4, 72.7, 71.6, 71.1, 69.7, 68.2, 61.8, 36.9, 32.9, 32.8, 29.3, 26.0, 25.8, 20.6, 20.5, 20.4; IR (KBr) ν (cm⁻¹) 2926, 2852, 1959, 1757, 1448, 1369, 1225, 1170, 1040; MS (ESI, m/z) 514 (M+NH₄ ⁺); Anal. Calcd. for C₂₅H₃₆O₁₀ (%): C, 60.47; H, 7.31. Found: C, 60.54; H, 7.25.

Example 15

Following the procedure of Example 1. The reaction of CuBr₂ (44.9 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1h (862.1 mg, 1.0 mmol), (S)-3a (304.4 mg, 1.2 mmol), and 2e (157.5 mg, 1.4 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R)-4he (456.7 mg, 48%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=1.5/1) as a syrup: 98% de (HPLC conditions: (Supercritical Fluid Chromatography) Chiralcel IA column, CO₂/i-PrOH=80/20, 1.5 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(minor)=8.3 min, t_(R)(major)=14.2 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−13.8 (c=1.21, CHCl₃); NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.98-7.88 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.84-7.78 (m, 2H, ArH), 7.55-7.45 (m, 2H, ArH), 7.43-7.32 (m, 5H, ArH), 7.28-7.20 (m, 2H, ArH), 5.88 (t, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 5.51 (dd, J₁=9.6 Hz, J₂=8.1 Hz, 1H), 5.41 (t, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 5.26-5.12 (m, 3H), 5.11-4.98 (m, 2H), 4.94 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.43-4.33 (m, 1H), 4.29-4.12 (m, 2H), 4.10-3.97 (m, 3H), 3.78 (dd, J=18.8 Hz, J=11.3 Hz, 1H), 3.74-3.65 (m, 1H), 2.09 (s, 3H, Me), 2.01 (s, 3H, Me), 2.00 (s, 3H, Me), 1.99 (s, 3H, Me), 2.12-1.85 (m, 1H, CH), 1.79-1.57 (m, 5H, CH₂×2 and one proton of CH₂), 1.34-0.95 (m, 5H, CH₂×2 and one proton of CH₂); ¹³C NMR (75 Hz, CDCl₃) δ 204.1, 170.3, 170.0, 169.2, 169.1, 165.5, 165.1, 164.8, 133.4. 133.02, 132.99, 129.6, 129.54, 129.47, 129.1, 128.5, 128.4, 128.3, 128.11, 128.05, 100.6, 99.2, 98.2, 88.2, 73.5, 72.8, 72.6, 71.6, 71.5, 70.9, 69.5, 68.2, 68.0, 67.7, 61.6, 36.5, 32.8, 32.5, 25.8, 25.7, 25.6, 20.5, 20.4, 20.3; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 3063, 2927, 2852, 1959, 1754, 1739, 1602, 1452, 1369, 1284, 1251, 1224, 1176, 1094, 1069, 1037; MS (MALDI, m/z) 995 (M+K⁺) 979 (M+Na⁺); Anal. Calcd. for C₅₁H₅₆O₁₈ (%): C, 64.01; H, 5.90. Found: C, 64.00; H, 5.80.

Example 16

Following the procedure of Example 1. The reaction of CuBr₂ (45.0 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1i (861.1 mg, 1.0 mmol), (5)-3a (304.2 mg, 1.2 mmol), and 2e (157.2 mg, 1.4 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4ie (492.2 mg, 51%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=1.5/1) as a syrup: 98% de (HPLC conditions: (Supercritical Fluid Chromatography) Chiralcel IA column, CO₂/i-PrOH=70/30, 1.5 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(minor)=4.5 min, t_(R)(major)=6.1 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−13.5 (c=1.12, CHCl₃); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.80-7.88 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.85-7.78 (m, 2H, ArH), 7.55-7.20 (m, 9H, ArH), 5.88 (t, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 5.51 (dd, J₁=9.8 Hz, J₂=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.46-5.36 (m, 2H), 5.26 (dd, J₁=10.4 Hz, J₂=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.20-5.12 (m, 2H), 5.03 (dd, J₁=10.4 Hz, J₂=3.5 Hz, 1H), 4.95 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.44-4.34 (m, 1H), 4.25-3.97 (m, 5H), 3.92 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (dd, J₁=10.8 Hz, J₂=7.5 Hz, 1H), 2.110 (s, 3H, Me), 2.107 (s, 3H, Me), 2.01 (s, 3H, Me), 1.98 (s, 3H, Me), 2.18-1.85 (m, 1H, CH), 1.79-1.57 (m, 5H, CH₂×2 and one proton of CH₂), 1.34-0.95 (m, 5H, CH₂×2 and one proton of CH₂); ¹³C NMR (75 Hz, CDCl₃) δ 204.1, 170.1, 170.0, 169.9, 169.2, 165.5, 165.1, 164.8, 133.4, 133.02, 132.98, 129.5, 129.4, 129.0, 128.5, 128.4, 128.3, 128.1, 128.0, 101.0, 99.2, 98.2, 88.2, 73.5, 72.8, 71.5, 70.7, 70.4, 69.5, 68.4, 68.2, 67.7, 66.8, 61.0, 36.4, 32.8, 32.5, 25.8, 25.7, 25.6, 20.6, 20.4, 20.33, 20.28; IR (neat) ν (cm¹) 3066, 2927, 2852, 1959, 1740, 1602, 1451, 1370, 1281, 1255, 1218, 1177, 1090, 1069; MS (MALDI, m/z) 979 (M+Na⁺); Anal. Calcd. for C₅₁H₅₆O (%): C, 64.01; H, 5.90. Found: C, 64.04; H, 5.88.

Example 17

To a flame-dried Schlenk tube with a polytetrafluoroethylene plug were added CuBr₂ (44.7 mg, 0.2 mmol), (S)-3a (253.1 mg, 1.0 mmol), 1j (84.3 mg, 1.5 mmol)/dioxane (1.5 mL), and 2a (192.4 mg, 1.5 mmol)/dioxane (1.5 mL) sequentially under nitrogen atmosphere. The Schlenk tube was then sealed by screwing the polytetrafluoroethylene plug tightly with the outlet connected to the vacuum line with a nitrogen flow being closed. The reaction was complete after being stirred at 130° C. for 12 h as monitored by TLC (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=10/1). Then the resulting mixture was diluted with ether (30 mL), and washed with an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid (3 M, 20 mL). The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ether (20 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. After filtration and evaporation, the residue was purified by chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=8/1) on silica gel to afford (R_(a))-4ja (86.8 mg, 52%) as a liquid: 95% ee (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel AS-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=98/2, 0.6 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(major)=10.9 min, t_(R)(minor)=11.8 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−68.9 (c=1.01, CHCl₃); (reported value: 97% ee; [α]_(D) ²⁰=−66.1 (c=1.03, CHCl₃)); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.37-5.24 (m, 2H, CH═C═CH), 4.17-4.07 (m, 2H, OCH₂), 2.08-1.96 (m, 2H, CH₂), 1.57 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 1H, OH), 1.48-1.20 (m, 10H, CH₂×5), 0.88 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 3H, Me); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 202.9, 94.0, 91.7, 60.8, 31.8, 29.08, 29.07, 29.0, 28.6, 22.6, 14.1; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 3336, 2956, 2926, 2855, 1963, 1465, 1376, 1013; MS (EI): m/z (%) 168 (M⁺, 0.04), 55 (100). (reference: J. Ye, W. Fan, S. Ma, Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 716).

Example 18

Following the procedure of Example 17. The reaction of CuBr₂ (44.9 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1j (84.6 mg, 1.5 mmol), (S)-3a (252.6 mg, 1.0 mmol), and 2h (150.2 mg, 1.5 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4jh (75.2 mg, 54%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=8/1) as a liquid: 94% ee (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel AS-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=100/1, 0.5 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(major)=18.9 min, t_(R)(minor)=20.0 min); [c]_(D) ²⁰=−78.5 (c=1.11, CHCl₃) (reported value: 98% ee; [α]_(D) ²¹=−78.4 (c=1.03, CHCl₃)); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.36-5.23 (m, 2H, CH═C═CH), 4.11 (dd, J₁=5.6 Hz, J₂=3.2 Hz, 2H, OCH₂), 2.08-1.96 (m, 2H, CH₂), 1.80 (s, 1H, OH), 1.49-1.21 (m, 6H, CH₂×3), 0.89 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H, Me); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 203.0, 93.9, 91.6, 60.7, 31.2, 28.7, 28.6, 22.4, 14.0; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 3337, 2957, 2927, 2857, 1963, 1466; MS (EI): m/z (%) 122 ((M−H₂O)⁺, 0.68), 55 (100). (reference: J. Ye, W. Fan, S. Ma, Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 716).

Example 19

Following the procedure of Example 17. The reaction of CuBr₂ (45.0 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1j (84.2 mg, 1.5 mmol), (S)-3a (253.1 mg, 1.0 mmol), and 2c (201.4 mg, 1.5 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4jc (106.1 mg, 61%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=8/1 to petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=5/1) as a liquid: 95% ee (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel AS-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=100/1, 1.0 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(major)=22.4 min, t_(R)(minor)=24.4 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−38.0 (c=0.89, CHCl₃) (reported value: 96% ee; [α]_(D) ²°=−38.7 (c=1.05, CHCl₃)); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.36-7.13 (m, 5H, ArH), 5.35-5.21 (m, 2H, CH═C═CH), 4.04-3.90 (m, 2H, OCH₂), 2.83-2.64 (m, 2H, CH₂), 2.46-2.24 (m, 2H, CH₂), 1.62 (s, 1H, OH); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 203.2, 141.4, 128.4, 128.2, 125.9, 92.9, 92.1, 60.4, 35.0, 29.9; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 3366, 3084, 3062, 3026, 2923, 2856, 1962, 1603, 1496, 1453, 1062, 1011; MS (EI) m/z (%): 174 (M⁺, 0.03), 156 ((M−H₂O)⁺, 41.67), 91 (100). (reference: J. Ye, W. Fan, S. Ma, Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 716).

Example 20

Following the procedure of Example 17. The reaction of CuBr₂ (44.6 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1j (84.5 mg, 1.5 mmol), (S)-3a (253.6 mg, 1.0 mmol), and 2d (129.5 mg, 1.5 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4jd (57.3 mg, 45%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=8/1) as a liquid: 96% ee (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel AD-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=200/1, 1.0 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(major)=18.7 min, t_(R)(minor)=22.0 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−79.9 (c=0.955, CHCl₃) (reported value: 98% ee; [α]_(D) ²²=−80.3 (c=1.01, CHCl₃)); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.35-5.19 (m, 2H, CH═C═CH), 4.11 (dd, J₁=5.9 Hz, J₂=2.9 Hz, 2H, OCH₂), 1.97-1.89 (m, 2H, CH₂), 1.76-1.57 (m, 2H, CH and OH), 0.93 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 6H, Me×2); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 203.6, 92.3, 91.0, 60.8, 38.1, 28.4, 22.12, 22.10; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 3338, 2956, 2926, 2893, 2870, 1962, 1466, 1384, 1367, 1056, 1014; MS (EI) m/z (%): 126 (M⁺, 0.10), 108 ((M−H₂O)⁺, 31.12), 55 (100). (reference: J. Ye, W. Fan, S. Ma, Chem. Eur J. 2013, 19, 716).

Example 21

Following the procedure of Example 17. The reaction of CuBr₂ (44.7 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1j (84.8 mg, 1.5 mmol), (5)-3a (252.2 mg, 1.0 mmol), and 2e (168.2 mg, 1.5 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4je (94.2 mg, 62%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=8/1) as a liquid: 94% ee (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel AS-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=98/2, 0.6 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(major)=15.7 min, t_(R)(minor)=18.6 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−98.1 (c=1.045, CHCl₃) (reported value: 99% ee; [α]_(D) ²²=−100.3 (c=1.00, CHCl₃)); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.41-5.25 (m, 2H, CH═C═CH), 4.10 (dd, J₁=5.7 Hz, J₂=3.0 Hz, 2H, OCH₂), 2.08-1.93 (m, 1H, CH from Cy), 1.88-1.58 (m, 6H, OH and five protons from Cy), 1.37-1.00 (m, 5H, five protons from Cy); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 201.8, 99.9, 92.6, 60.8, 37.0, 33.0, 32.9, 26.0, 25.9; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 3331, 2924, 2851, 1961, 1448, 1412, 1011; MS (EI) m/z (%): 152 (M⁺, 0.38), 134 ((M−H₂O)⁺, 6.78), 55 (100). (reference: J. Ye, W. Fan, S. Ma, Chem. Eur J. 2013, 19, 716).

Example 22

Following the procedure of Example 17. The reaction of CuBr₂ (44.7 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1k (126.8 mg, 1.5 mmol), (S)-3a (253.2 mg, 1.0 mmol), and 2e (168.6 mg, 1.5 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4ke (89.3 mg, 50%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=12/1) as a liquid: 97% ee (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel AD-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=95/5, 0.6 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(major)=8.9 min, t_(R)(minor)=10.2 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−99.2 (c=0.97, CHCl₃) (reported value: 97% ee; [α]_(D) ²⁰=−99.5 (c=1.15, CHCl₃)); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.38-5.26 (m, 2H, CH═C═CH), 2.07-1.92 (m, 1H, CH from Cy), 1.84-1.59 (m, 6H, OH and five protons from Cy), 1.34 (s, 6H, Me×2), 1.37-0.98 (m, 5H, five protons from Cy); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 199.1, 102.1, 101.0, 69.5, 37.2, 33.02, 32.99, 30.0, 29.9, 26.03, 26.00; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 3358, 2974, 2925, 2851, 1960, 1448, 1373, 1361, 1228, 1149; MS (EI) m/z (%): 180 (M⁺, 0.29), 165 (M−Me)⁺, 3.81), 59 (100). (reference: J. Ye, S. Li, B. Chen, W. Fan, J. Kuang, J. Liu, Y. Liu, B. Miao, B. Wan, Y. Wang, X. Xie, Q. Yu, W. Yuan, S. Ma, Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 1346).

Example 23

Following the procedure of Example 17. The reaction of CuBr₂ (44.9 mg, 0.2 mmol), 11 (186.8 mg, 1.5 mmol), (S)-3a (252.7 mg, 1.0 mmol), and 2e (168.2 mg, 1.5 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4le (115.6 mg, 53%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=20/1) as a liquid: 98% ee (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel AD-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=100/1, 0.5 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(major)=23.5 min, t_(R)(minor)=26.2 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−106.6 (c=1.21, CHCl₃) (reported value: 96% ee; [α]_(D) ²⁰=−108.6 (c=0.98, CHCl₃)); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.31 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 2H, CH═C═CH), 2.08-1.90 (m, 1H, CH from Cy), 1.87-1.40 (m, 15H), 1.40-1.00 (m, 6H); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 199.9, 101.3, 100.8, 70.4, 38.4, 38.2, 37.2, 33.1, 33.0, 26.00, 25.97, 25.5, 22.4; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 3373, 2926, 2851, 1960, 1448, 1347, 1262, 1242, 1146, 1056, 1034; MS (EI) m/z (%): 220 (M⁺, 0.69), 99 (100). (reference: J. Ye, S. Li, B. Chen, W. Fan, J. Kuang, J. Liu, Y. Liu, B. Miao, B. Wan, Y. Wang, X. Xie, Q. Yu, W. Yuan, S. Ma, Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 1346).

Example 24

Following the procedure of Example 17. The reaction of CuBr₂ (44.7 mg, 0.2 mmol), (S)-1m (197.6 mg, 1.5 mmol), (S)-3a (252.7 mg, 1.0 mmol), and 2e (168.3 mg, 1.5 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (S,R_(a))-4me (152.0 mg, 67%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=12/1) as a liquid: >99% de, >99% ee (major isomer) (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel OD-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=98/2, 1.0 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(major)=19.4 min; [α]_(D) ²⁰=−69.7 (c=1.24, CHCl₃) (reported value: 92% de, >99% ee; [α]_(D) ²⁰=−60.7 (c=1.02, CHCl₃)); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.42-7.21 (m, 5H, ArH), 5.47-5.38 (m, 1H, one proton from HC═C═CH), 5.38-5.30 (m, 1H, one proton from HC═C═CH), 5.21 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H, PhCH), 2.33 (s, 1H, OH), 2.07-1.91 (m, 1H, CH from Cy), 1.80-1.56 (m, 5H, five protons from Cy), 1.35-0.96 (m, 5H, five protons from Cy); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 201.2, 143.2, 128.3, 127.5, 126.0, 100.9, 96.9, 72.3, 37.1, 32.9, 26.0, 25.9; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 3365, 3063, 3029, 2924, 2850, 1960, 1599, 1489, 1449, 1015; MS (EI) m/z (%): 228 (M⁺, 2.53), 107 (100). (reference: J. Ye, S. Li, B. Chen, W. Fan, J. Kuang, J. Liu, Y. Liu, B. Miao, B. Wan, Y. Wang, X. Xie, Q. Yu, W. Yuan, S. Ma, Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 1346).

Example 25

Following the procedure of Example 17. The reaction of CuBr₂ (45.0 mg, 0.2 mmol), (R)-1m (198.5 mg, 1.5 mmol), (S)-3a (253.7 mg, 1.0 mmol), and 2e (168.1 mg, 1.5 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R,R_(a))-4me (133.3 mg, 58%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=12/1) as a liquid: 98% de, >99% ee (major isomer) (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel OD-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=98/2, 1.0 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(major)=11.1 min; [α]_(D) ²⁰=−52.6 (c=0.98, CHCl₃) (reported value: 94% de, 97% ee; [α]_(D) ²⁰=−56.8 (c=0.98, CHCl₃)); NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.40-7.29 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.29-7.21 (m, 1H, ArH), 5.47-5.38 (m, 1H, one proton from HC═C═CH), 5.37-5.30 (m, 1H, one proton from HC═C═CH), 5.18 (dd, J₁=5.9 Hz, J₂=2.6 Hz, 1H. PhCH), 2.30 (s, 1H, OH), 2.07-1.93 (m, 1H, CH from Cy), 1.80-1.56 (m, 5H, five protons from Cy), 1.36-0.98 (m, 5H, five protons from Cy); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 200.9, 143.1, 128.3, 127.5, 126.1, 101.2, 97.0, 72.1, 37.1, 32.9, 26.0, 25.9; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 3373, 3063, 3029, 2924, 2850, 1961, 1599, 1493, 1449, 1014; MS (EI) m/z (%): 228 (M⁺, 2.17), 107 (100). (reference: J. Ye, S. Li, B. Chen, W. Fan, J. Kuang, J. Liu, Y. Liu, B. Miao, B. Wan, Y. Wang, X. Xie, Q. Yu, W. Yuan, S. Ma, Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 1346).

Example 26

Following the procedure of Example 17. The reaction of CuBr₂ (45.0 mg, 0.2 mmol), (S)-1m (198.2 mg, 1.5 mmol), (R)-3a (253.8 mg, 1.0 mmol), and 2e (167.9 mg, 1.5 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (S,S_(a))-4me (131.5 mg, 57%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=12/1) as a liquid: 97% de, 99% ee (major isomer) (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel OD-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=98/2, 1.0 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(minor)=11.7 min, t_(R)(major)=16.1 min; [α]_(D) ²⁰=+56.6 (c=1.34, CHCl₃) (reported value: 89% de, >99% ee; [α]_(D) ²⁰=+54.7 (c=1.17, CHCl₃)); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.41-7.21 (m, 5H, ArH), 5.47-5.38 (m, 1H, one proton from HC═C═CH), 5.37-5.30 (m, 1H, one proton from HC═C═CH), 5.18 (dd, J₁=5.7 Hz, J₂=2.4 Hz, 1H, PhCH), 2.33 (s, 1H, OH), 2.08-1.93 (m, 1H, CH from Cy), 1.80-1.56 (m, 5H, five protons from Cy), 1.36-0.98 (m, 5H, five protons from Cy); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 200.9, 143.1, 128.3, 127.5, 126.1, 101.2, 97.0, 72.1, 37.0, 32.9, 26.0, 25.9; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 3365, 3062, 3029, 2924, 2850, 1961, 1602, 1492, 1449, 1014; MS (EI) m/z (%): 228 (M⁺, 1.93), 107 (100). (reference: J. Ye, S. Li, B. Chen, W. Fan, J. Kuang, J. Liu, Y. Liu, B. Miao, B. Wan, Y. Wang, X. Xie, Q. Yu, W. Yuan, S. Ma, Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 1346).

Example 27

Following the procedure of Example 17. The reaction of CuBr₂ (45.0 mg, 0.2 mmol), (R)-1m (197.6 mg, 1.5 mmol), (R)-3a (254.0 mg, 1.0 mmol), and 2e (169.2 mg, 1.5 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R,S_(a))-4me (153.4 mg, 67%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=12/1) as a liquid: 98% de, >99% ee (major isomer) (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel OD-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=98/2, 1.0 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(major)=13.4 min; [α]_(D) ²⁰=+73.0 (c=1.165, CHCl₃) (reported value: 93% de, >99% ee; [α]_(D) ²⁰=+60.8 (c=0.62, CHCl₃)); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.41-7.21 (m, 5H, ArH), 5.47-5.38 (m, 1H, one proton from HC═C═CH), 5.37-5.30 (m, 1H, one proton from HC═C═CH), 5.19 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H, PhCH), 2.40 (s, 1H, OH), 2.07-1.91 (m, 1H, CH from Cy), 1.80-1.56 (m, 5H, five protons from Cy), 1.35-0.97 (m, 5H, five protons from Cy); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 201.2, 143.2, 128.3, 127.5, 126.0, 100.8, 96.9, 72.3, 37.1, 32.87, 32.85, 26.0, 25.9; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 3358, 3062, 3029, 2924, 2850, 1961, 1602, 1493, 1449, 1015; MS (EI) m/z (%): 228 (M⁺, 2.23), 107 (100). (reference: J. Ye, S. Li, B. Chen, W. Fan, J. Kuang, J. Liu, Y. Liu, B. Miao, B. Wan, Y. Wang, X. Xie, Q. Yu, W. Yuan, S. Ma, Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 1346).

Example 28

Following the procedure of Example 17. The reaction of CuBr₂ (45.0 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1n (106.0 mg, 1.5 mmol), (S)-3a (252.6 mg, 1.0 mmol), and 2e (168.4 mg, 1.5 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4ne (83.5 mg, 50%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=6/1) as a liquid: 96% ee (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel IC column, hexane/i-PrOH=100/1, 0.6 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(minor)=20.5 min, t_(R)(major)=22.0 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−84.5 (c=1.095, CHCl₃); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.18-5.07 (m, 2H, CH═C═CH), 3.70 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H, OCH₂), 2.30-2.19 (m, 2H, CH₂), 2.05-1.89 (m, 1H, CH from Cy), 1.89-1.57 (m, 6H, OH and five protons from Cy), 1.37-0.98 (m, 5H, five protons from Cy); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 203.4, 97.7, 88.0, 62.0, 37.1, 33.04, 33.02, 32.4, 26.1, 26.0; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 3340, 2924, 2851, 1961, 1448, 1049; MS (EI) m/z (%): 166 (M⁺, 6.05), 67 (100); HRMS calcd for C₁₁H₁₈O [M⁺]: 166.1358. found: 166.1365.

Example 29

Following the procedure of Example 17. The reaction of CuBr₂ (45.0 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1o (313.4 mg, 1.5 mmol), (S)-3a (253.9 mg, 1.0 mmol), and 2e (167.8 mg, 1.5 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4oe (180.0 mg, 59%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=5/1) as a liquid: 98% ee (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel AD-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=95/5, 0.5 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(major)=34.1 min, t_(R)(minor)=35.6 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−102.0 (c=1.05, CHCl₃) (reported value: 99% ee; [α]_(D) ²⁰=−105.5 (c=1.07, CHCl₃)); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.80-7.72 (m, 2H, ArH), 7.30 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H, ArH), 5.21-5.12 (m, 1H, one proton of CH═C═CH), 5.11-5.01 (m, 1H, one proton of CH═C═CH), 4.85 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H, NH), 3.60-3.50 (in, 2H, NCH₂), 2.42 (s, 3H, CH₃), 1.98-1.82 (m, 1H, CH from Cy), 1.73-1.53 (m, 5H, five protons from Cy), 1.32-0.89 (m, 5H, five protons from Cy); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 202.3, 143.3, 137.0, 129.6, 127.0, 100.4, 88.4, 42.0, 36.7, 32.8, 32.7, 25.9, 25.8, 21.4; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 3284, 2924, 2850, 1962, 1598, 1495, 1418, 1329, 1161, 1094; MS (EI) m/z (%): 305 (M⁺, 1.14), 91 (100). (reference: J. Ye, W. Fan, S. Ma, Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 716).

Example 30

Following the procedure of Example 17. The reaction of CuBr₂ (44.9 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1p (238.4 mg, 1.5 mmol), (S)-3a (254.3 mg, 1.0 mmol), and 2d (129.9 mg, 1.5 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4pd (136.8 mg, 59%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=5/1) as a liquid: 93% ee (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel AY-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=90/10, 1.0 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(major)=9.8 min, t_(R)(minor)=11.2 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−92.5 (c=0.78, CHCl₃); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.82-7.73 (m, 2H, ArH), 7.51-7.35 (m, 3H, ArH), 6.52 (bs, 1H, NH), 5.30-5.19 (m, 2H, CH═C═CH), 4.05-3.95 (m, 2H, NCH₂), 1.96-1.86 (m, 2H, CH₂), 1.73-1.55 (m, 1H, CH), 0.894 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H, Me), 0.891 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H, Me); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 203.8, 167.3, 134.5, 131.3, 128.4, 126.8, 92.9, 87.8, 38.5, 38.0, 28.3, 22.1, 22.0; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 3320, 3064, 2955, 2927, 2869, 1964, 1727, 1644, 1603, 1578, 1538, 1489, 1465, 1308, 1076; MS (EI) m/z (%): 229 (M⁺, 7.05), 105 (100); HRMS calcd for C₁₅H₁₉NO [M⁺]: 229.1467. found: 229.1469.

Example 31

Following the procedure of Example 17. The reaction of CuBr₂ (44.9 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1q (232.8 mg, 1.5 mmol), (S)-3a (253.2 mg, 1.0 mmol), and 2i (150.6 mg, 1.5 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4qi (160.3 mg, 67%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=50/1 to petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=20/1) as a liquid: 96% ee (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel OD-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=100/0, 1.0 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(minor)=19.7 min, t_(R)(major)=20.4 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−63.5 (c=1.055, CHCl₃); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.22-5.12 (m, 1H, one proton of CH═C═CH), 5.11-5.03 (m, 1H, one proton of CH═C═CH), 4.71 (bs, 1H, NH), 3.77-3.63 (m, 2H, NCH₂), 1.93-1.78 (m, 1H, CH), 1.53-1.21 (m, 13H, Me×2 and CH₂×2), 0.90 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H, Me), 0.89 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H, Me); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 203.0, 155.6, 97.7, 89.0, 79.1, 42.7, 39.3, 28.3, 27.5, 27.2, 11.6, 11.4; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 3351, 2965, 2931, 2875, 1963, 1698, 1505, 1456, 1392, 1366, 1250, 1172, 1053; MS (EI) m/z (%): 239 (M⁺, 0.01), 183 ((M−^(t)Bu+H)⁺, 45.91), 57 (100); HRMS calcd for C₁₄H₂₅NO₂ [M⁺]: 239.1885. found: 239.1878.

Example 32

Following the procedure of Example 17. The reaction of CuBr₂ (45.0 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1r (255.7 mg, 1.5 mmol), (5)-3a (252.5 mg, 1.0 mmol), and 2d (129.6 mg, 1.5 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4rd (121.9 mg, 51%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=20/1) as a liquid: 94% ee (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel OD-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=100/1, 0.7 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(minor)=10.9 min, t_(R)(major)=11.7 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−64.4 (c=0.87, CHCl₃); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.15-5.04 (m, 2H, CH═C═CH), 3.74 (s, 6H, Me×2), 3.51 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H, CFI), 2.62-2.54 (m, 2H, CH₂), 1.90-1.82 (m, 2H, CH₂), 1.72-1.56 (m, 1H, CH), 0.910 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H, Me), 0.906 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H, Me); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 204.6, 169.3, 169.2, 91.3, 86.6, 52.4, 51.3, 38.2, 28.3, 28.0, 22.09, 22.06; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 2956, 2927, 2869, 1964, 1754, 1739, 1436, 1342, 1271, 1232, 1154, 1044; MS (EI) m/z (%): 240 (M⁺, 27.06), 97 (100); HRMS calcd for C₁₃H₂₀O₄ [M⁺]: 240.1362. found: 240.1362.

Example 33

Following the procedure of Example 17. The reaction of CuBr₂ (44.8 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1r (255.7 mg, 1.5 mmol), (5)-3a (252.8 mg, 1.0 mmol), and 2e (168.2 mg, 1.5 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4re (135.7 mg, 51%) (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=15/1) as a liquid: 95% ee (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel OD-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=100/1, 1.0 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(minor)=9.0 min, t_(R)(major)=9.6 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−84.0 (c=1.045, CHCl₃) (reported value: 99% ee; [α]_(D) ²⁰=−85.4 (c=1.05, CHCl₃)); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.20-5.08 (m, 2H, CH═C═CH), 3.740 (s, 3H, Me), 3.737 (s, 3H, Me), 3.51 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H, CH), 2.63-2.54 (m, 2H, CH₂), 2.00-1.85 (m, 1H, CH from Cy), 1.78-1.57 (m, 5H, five protons from Cy), 1.35-0.95 (m, 5H, five protons from Cy); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 202.7, 169.33, 169.29, 98.9, 88.2, 52.4, 51.2, 37.1, 32.82, 32.78, 28.0, 26.0, 25.9; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 2926, 2851, 1959, 1757, 1738, 1617, 1436, 1343, 1233, 1155, 1035; MS (EI) m/z (%): 266 (M⁺, 6.72), 91 (100). (reference: J. Ye, W. Fan, S. Ma, Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 716).

Example 34

Following the procedure of Example 17. The reaction of CuBr₂ (44.9 mg, 0.2 mmol), is (207.8 mg, 1.5 mmol), (S)-3a (253.4 mg, 1.0 mmol), and 2c (201.5 mg, 1.5 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4sc (119.3 mg, 47%) (eluent: petroleum ether) as a liquid: 90% ee (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel OD-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=100/0, 0.3 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(minor)=17.9 min, t_(R)(major)=19.7 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−50.0 (c=0.84, CHCl₃); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.30-7.21 (m, 2H, ArH), 7.21-7.12 (m, 3H, ArH), 5.16-5.02 (m, 2H, CH═C═CH), 2.72 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H, CH₂), 2.35-2.20 (m, 2H, CH₂), 1.99-1.87 (m, 2H, CH₂), 1.42-1.18 (m, 12H, CH₂×6), 0.88 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 3H, Me); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 204.0, 141.9, 128.5, 128.2, 125.8, 91.5, 90.2, 35.5, 31.9, 30.7, 29.4, 29.3, 29.2, 29.1, 28.9, 22.7, 14.1; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 3086, 3063, 3027, 2924, 2854, 1962, 1721, 1604, 1496, 1455, 1373, 1331, 1284, 1075, 1028; MS (EI) m/z (%): 256 (M⁺, 12.85), 91 (100); HRMS calcd for C₁₉H₂₈ [M⁺]: 256.2191. found: 256.2194.

Example 35

Following the procedure of Example 17. The reaction of CuBr₂ (44.8 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1t (153.2 mg, 1.5 mmol), (S)-3a (253.1 mg, 1.0 mmol), and 2e (168.4 mg, 1.5 mmol) in dioxane (3.0 mL) afforded (R_(a))-4te (90.1 mg, 46%) (eluent: petroleum ether) as a liquid: 96% ee (HPLC conditions: Chiralcel OD-H column, hexane/i-PrOH=100/0, 0.3 mL/min, λ=214 nm, t_(R)(major)=20.1 min, t_(R)(minor)=22.1 min); [α]_(D) ²⁰=−355.3 (c=1.01, CHCl₃) (reported value: 99% ee; [α]_(D) ¹⁹=−330.3 (c=0.94, CHCl₃)) (The results we repeated the reaction in ref. 3: 99% ee; [α]_(D) ²⁰=−379.0 (c=1.125, CHCl₃)); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.32-7.23 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.21-7.11 (m, 1H, ArH), 6.15 (dd, J₁=6.6 Hz, J₂=3.0 Hz, 1H, one proton from CH═C═CH), 5.56 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H, one proton from CH═C═CH), 2.20-2.04 (m, 1H, CH), 1.90-1.57 (m, 5H, five protons from Cy), 1.38-1.09 (m, 5H, five protons from Cy); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 204.1, 135.2, 128.5, 126.6, 126.4, 101.0, 95.4, 37.6, 33.2, 33.1, 26.1, 26.0; IR (neat) ν (cm⁻¹) 3082, 3062, 3030, 2924, 2851, 1946, 1597, 1496, 1458, 1257, 1071, 1028; MS (EI) m/z (%): 198 (M⁺, 30.22), 130 (100). (reference: R. Lü, J. Ye, T. Cao, B. Chen, W. Fan, W. Lin, J. Liu, H. Luo, B. Miao, S. Ni, X. Tang, N. Wang, Y. Wang, X. Xie, Q. Yu, W. Yuan, W. Zhang, C. Zhu, S. Ma, Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 2254).

Finally, it should be noted that the above mentioned is just only some specific examples of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above examples, which can have many variations. All the modifications derived directly or envisaged by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention. 

1. A process for efficiently synthesizing highly optically active 1,3-disubstituted allenes, which uses a functionalized terminal alkyne, an aldehyde and a chiral secondary amine as reactants under the catalysis of a divalent copper salt and thereby produces a variety of functionalized axially chiral 1,3-disubstituted allenes by the heated reaction in an organic solvent; the reaction has a following reaction equation:

wherein R¹ comprises a variety of functional groups such as glycosidic units, primary alcohols, secondary alcohols, tertiary alcohols, amides, malonates, alkyl group or aryl group, and R² is an alkyl group or an aryl group.
 2. The process for efficiently synthesizing highly optically active 1,3-disubstituted allenes of claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) under nitrogen atmosphere, a divalent copper salt, a chiral secondary amine, a terminal alkyne, an aldehyde and an organic solvent were added in sequence into a reaction tube subjected to the anhydrous and anaerobic treatment; heating for reaction for 12-24 h; 2) after the completion of the reaction of step 1), raising the reaction tube from the oil bath, naturally returning to the room temperature, diluting with an organic solvent, transferring the liquid to a separatory funnel, washing with dilute hydrochloric acid, separating the organic phase, extracting the aqueous phase with the same organic solvent, combining the organic phases, washing with saturated brine, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtering, concentrating and subjecting to the column chromatography, so as to obtain the product, axially chiral allene.
 3. The process for efficiently synthesizing highly optically active 1,3-disubstituted allenes of claim 1, characterized by using a divalent copper salt as catalyst, the catalyst is copper bromide, copper chloride, copper acetate, copper sulfate or copper triflate.
 4. The process for efficiently synthesizing highly optically active 1,3-disubstituted allenes of claim 1, wherein the chiral secondary amine is (S)-3a or its enantiomers, and the structural variants (S)-3b˜c using (S)-3a as a template or their enantiomers:


5. The process for efficiently synthesizing highly optically active 1,3-disubstituted allenes of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is 1,4-dioxane, toluene, benzene, chlorobenzene, p-xylene, o-xylene, m-xylene, or mesitylene.
 6. The process for efficiently synthesizing highly optically active 1,3-disubstituted allenes of claim 2, characterized by using a divalent copper salt as catalyst, the catalyst is copper bromide, copper chloride, copper acetate, copper sulfate or copper triflate.
 7. The process for efficiently synthesizing highly optically active 1,3-disubstituted allenes of claim 2, wherein the organic solvent is 1,4-dioxane, toluene, benzene, chlorobenzene, p-xylene, o-xylene, m-xylene, or mesitylene.
 8. The process for efficiently synthesizing highly optically active 1,3-disubstituted allenes of claim 4, wherein the organic solvent is 1,4-dioxane, toluene, benzene, chlorobenzene, p-xylene, o-xylene, m-xylene, or mesitylene. 